Conditions & Disorders

A progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, marked by early memory loss and the gradual buildup of abnormal proteins in the brain.

A progressive movement disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain, leading to tremor, stiffness, and slowed movement.

A neurological condition characterised by a tendency toward recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal, excessive electrical activity in the brain.

Stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted; when it damages language centres, it can cause aphasia - difficulty producing or understanding language.

Damage to the brain caused by an external force - such as a blow, jolt, or penetrating injury - ranging from mild concussion to severe, life-altering injury.

A memory disorder involving the inability to recall past information (retrograde) or form new memories (anterograde), most often caused by damage to the hippocampus or thalamus.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition involving persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that affect daily functioning.

Major depressive disorder is a common mood disorder involving persistent sadness or loss of interest, associated with altered activity across several interconnected brain regions.

A set of unusual symptoms that can occur when the corpus callosum is severed or absent, causing the brain's two hemispheres to process information with reduced coordination.

A group of disorders causing uncoordinated, unsteady movement due to cerebellar dysfunction, with causes ranging from genetic disease to alcohol-related damage or stroke.

A chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks myelin, the insulating sheath around nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body.

A neurological condition causing recurrent, often severe headaches, frequently accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light or sound, and in some cases preceded by visual or sensory 'aura' symptoms.

An inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a single faulty gene, leading to progressive breakdown of neurons in the basal ganglia and producing involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms.

A neurodevelopmental condition involving differences in social communication, sensory processing, and patterns of interest or behaviour, present from early childhood and varying widely in presentation and support needs.

A group of conditions characterised by excessive, persistent fear or worry that interferes with daily life, involving heightened activity in the brain's threat-detection and stress-response circuits.

A complex psychiatric condition involving disruptions in thinking, perception, and motivation, most commonly emerging in late adolescence or early adulthood and involving altered activity across widespread brain networks.